模拟登陆
案例:爬取站长素材简历信息
URL: https://sc.chinaz.com/jianli/free.html
import requests
from lxml import etree
headers = {
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36',
}
import os
import time
if not os.path.exists('jlrar'):
os.mkdir('jlrar')
frist_url = 'https://sc.chinaz.com/jianli/free.html'
base_url = 'https://sc.chinaz.com/jianli/free_%d.html'
for i in range(1,5):
if i == 1:
new_url = frist_url
else:
new_url = format(base_url %i)
html_data = requests.get(url=new_url, headers=headers).text
tree = etree.HTML(html_data)
url_list = tree.xpath('//div[@id="container"]/div/a/@href')
for url in url_list:
new_url = 'https:' + url
response = requests.get(new_url)
response.encoding = 'utf-8'
data = response.text
tree1 = etree.HTML(data)
down_url = tree1.xpath('//div[@id="down"]//li/a/@href')[0]
time.sleep(2)
file_name = tree1.xpath('//div[@class="ppt_tit clearfix"]//h1/text()')[0]
print(down_url, '正在下载')
jl_data = requests.get(down_url).content
with open('./jlrar/'+file_name+'.rar', 'wb') as fp:
fp.write(jl_data)案例: 爬取东方财富网财经快讯
URL: https://kuaixun.eastmoney.com/
headers = {
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36',
}
url = 'https://newsapi.eastmoney.com/kuaixun/v1/getlist_102_ajaxResult_50_%d_.html?'
file_name = 'zx.txt'
fp = open(file_name, 'w', encoding='utf-8')
for i in range(1,5):
new_url = format(url %i)
data = requests.get(new_url,headers=headers)
data = json.loads(data.text.strip('var ajaxResult='))
for i in data['LivesList']:
print(i['title'],i['digest'])
fp.write(i['title']+':'+i['digest']+'\n')模拟登陆:
- 模拟登陆
- 使用爬虫实现登录操作.
- 为何需要做模拟登陆?
- 有些平台只有登录之后才可以访问其内部其他的子页面.
- 如何实现模拟登陆?
- 模拟点击登录按钮发起的请求即可
- 阻力:验证码的识别
验证码识别:
使用线上的打码平台进行各种各样验证码的识别?(不包含滑动验证)
- git下载滑动验证的代码
打码平台:
超级鹰:
http://www.chaojiying.com/about.html
- 注册,登录
- 创建一个软件ID(899370)
- 下载实例代码
云打码
# 超级鹰
#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding:utf-8
import requests
from hashlib import md5
class Chaojiying_Client(object):
def __init__(self, username, password, soft_id):
self.username = username
password = password.encode('utf8')
self.password = md5(password).hexdigest()
self.soft_id = soft_id
self.base_params = {
'user': self.username,
'pass2': self.password,
'softid': self.soft_id,
}
self.headers = {
'Connection': 'Keep-Alive',
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0)',
}
def PostPic(self, im, codetype):
"""
im: 图片字节
codetype: 题目类型 参考 http://www.chaojiying.com/price.html
"""
params = {
'codetype': codetype,
}
params.update(self.base_params)
files = {'userfile': ('ccc.jpg', im)}
r = requests.post('http://upload.chaojiying.net/Upload/Processing.php', data=params, files=files, headers=self.headers)
return r.json()
def ReportError(self, im_id):
"""
im_id:报错题目的图片ID
"""
params = {
'id': im_id,
}
params.update(self.base_params)
r = requests.post('http://upload.chaojiying.net/Upload/ReportError.php', data=params, headers=self.headers)
return r.json()
#定义一个识别验证码图片的函数
def getCode_text(imgPath,imgType):
chaojiying = Chaojiying_Client('227851369', '123456', ' 911685')
# 用户名 密码 软件ID
im = open(imgPath, 'rb').read()
return chaojiying.PostPic(im,imgType)['pic_str']
# 识别验证码
getCode_text('chaojiying_Python/a.jpg',1004)案例: 古诗文网模拟登陆
import requests
from lxml import etree
headers = {
'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36'
}
#获取验证码图片地址
main_url = 'https://so.gushiwen.cn/user/login.aspx?from=http://so.gushiwen.cn/user/collect.aspx'
page_text = requests.get(url=main_url,headers=headers).text
tree = etree.HTML(page_text)
img_src = "https://so.gushiwen.cn"+tree.xpath('//*[@id="imgCode"]/@src')[0]
img_data = requests.get(img_src,headers=headers).content
with open('./code.jpg','wb') as fp:
fp.write(img_data)
#识别验证码图片
code_text = getCode_text('./code.jpg',1004)
print(code_text)如何处理动态变化的请求参数 - 基于抓包工具进行全局搜索 - 可以去前台页面寻找(可能会隐藏在前台页面中)
#获取验证码图片地址
sess = requests.Session()
main_url = 'https://so.gushiwen.cn/user/login.aspx?from=http://so.gushiwen.cn/user/collect.aspx'
page_text = sess.get(url=main_url,headers=headers).text
tree = etree.HTML(page_text)
img_src = "https://so.gushiwen.cn"+tree.xpath('//*[@id="imgCode"]/@src')[0]
img_data = sess.get(img_src,headers=headers).content
with open('./code.jpg','wb') as fp:
fp.write(img_data)
#识别验证码图片
code_text = getCode_text('./code.jpg',1004)
print(code_text)
#处理捕获动态变化的请求参数
__VIEWSTATE = tree.xpath('//*[@id="__VIEWSTATE"]/@value')[0]
__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR = tree.xpath('//*[@id="__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR"]/@value')[0]
#模拟登陆
login_url = 'https://so.gushiwen.cn/user/login.aspx?from=http%3a%2f%2fso.gushiwen.cn%2fuser%2fcollect.aspx'
data = {
'__VIEWSTATE': __VIEWSTATE,
'__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR': __VIEWSTATEGENERATOR,
'from': 'http://so.gushiwen.cn/user/collect.aspx',
'email': '15027900535',
'pwd': 'bobo@15027900535',
'code': code_text,
'denglu': '登录',
}
# 将返回的页面保存在本地
login_page_text = sess.post(login_url,headers=headers,data=data).text
with open('./gushiwen.html','w',encoding='utf-8') as fp:
fp.write(login_page_text)最后更新于