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模拟登陆

案例:爬取站长素材简历信息

URL: https://sc.chinaz.com/jianli/free.html
        
import requests
from lxml import etree

headers = {
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36',
}

import os
import time
if not os.path.exists('jlrar'):
    os.mkdir('jlrar')
frist_url = 'https://sc.chinaz.com/jianli/free.html'
base_url = 'https://sc.chinaz.com/jianli/free_%d.html'
for i in range(1,5):
    if i == 1:
        new_url = frist_url
    else:
        new_url = format(base_url %i)
    html_data = requests.get(url=new_url, headers=headers).text
    tree = etree.HTML(html_data)
    url_list = tree.xpath('//div[@id="container"]/div/a/@href')
    for url in url_list:
        new_url = 'https:' + url
        response = requests.get(new_url)
        response.encoding = 'utf-8'
        data = response.text
        tree1 = etree.HTML(data)
        down_url = tree1.xpath('//div[@id="down"]//li/a/@href')[0]
        time.sleep(2)
        file_name = tree1.xpath('//div[@class="ppt_tit clearfix"]//h1/text()')[0]
        print(down_url, '正在下载')
        jl_data = requests.get(down_url).content
        with open('./jlrar/'+file_name+'.rar', 'wb') as fp:
            fp.write(jl_data)

案例: 爬取东方财富网财经快讯

URL: https://kuaixun.eastmoney.com/
headers = {
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36',
}

url = 'https://newsapi.eastmoney.com/kuaixun/v1/getlist_102_ajaxResult_50_%d_.html?'
file_name = 'zx.txt'
fp = open(file_name, 'w', encoding='utf-8')
for i in range(1,5):
    new_url = format(url %i)
    data = requests.get(new_url,headers=headers)
    data = json.loads(data.text.strip('var ajaxResult='))
    for i in data['LivesList']:
        print(i['title'],i['digest'])
        fp.write(i['title']+':'+i['digest']+'\n')

模拟登陆:

  • 模拟登陆
    • 使用爬虫实现登录操作.
  • 为何需要做模拟登陆?
    • 有些平台只有登录之后才可以访问其内部其他的子页面.
  • 如何实现模拟登陆?
    • 模拟点击登录按钮发起的请求即可
    • 阻力:验证码的识别

验证码识别:

  • 使用线上的打码平台进行各种各样验证码的识别?(不包含滑动验证)

    • git下载滑动验证的代码
  • 打码平台:

# 超级鹰

#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding:utf-8

import requests
from hashlib import md5

class Chaojiying_Client(object):

    def __init__(self, username, password, soft_id):
        self.username = username
        password =  password.encode('utf8')
        self.password = md5(password).hexdigest()
        self.soft_id = soft_id
        self.base_params = {
            'user': self.username,
            'pass2': self.password,
            'softid': self.soft_id,
        }
        self.headers = {
            'Connection': 'Keep-Alive',
            'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0)',
        }

    def PostPic(self, im, codetype):
        """
        im: 图片字节
        codetype: 题目类型 参考 http://www.chaojiying.com/price.html
        """
        params = {
            'codetype': codetype,
        }
        params.update(self.base_params)
        files = {'userfile': ('ccc.jpg', im)}
        r = requests.post('http://upload.chaojiying.net/Upload/Processing.php', data=params, files=files, headers=self.headers)
        return r.json()

    def ReportError(self, im_id):
        """
        im_id:报错题目的图片ID
        """
        params = {
            'id': im_id,
        }
        params.update(self.base_params)
        r = requests.post('http://upload.chaojiying.net/Upload/ReportError.php', data=params, headers=self.headers)
        return r.json()
    
    

#定义一个识别验证码图片的函数
def getCode_text(imgPath,imgType):
    chaojiying = Chaojiying_Client('227851369', '123456', '	911685')	
    								# 用户名			密码				软件ID
    im = open(imgPath, 'rb').read()
    return chaojiying.PostPic(im,imgType)['pic_str']



# 识别验证码
getCode_text('chaojiying_Python/a.jpg',1004)

案例: 古诗文网模拟登陆

import requests
from lxml import etree

headers = {
    'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36'
}

#获取验证码图片地址
main_url = 'https://so.gushiwen.cn/user/login.aspx?from=http://so.gushiwen.cn/user/collect.aspx'
page_text = requests.get(url=main_url,headers=headers).text
tree = etree.HTML(page_text)
img_src = "https://so.gushiwen.cn"+tree.xpath('//*[@id="imgCode"]/@src')[0]
img_data = requests.get(img_src,headers=headers).content
with open('./code.jpg','wb') as fp:
    fp.write(img_data)
#识别验证码图片
code_text = getCode_text('./code.jpg',1004)
print(code_text)

如何处理动态变化的请求参数 - 基于抓包工具进行全局搜索 - 可以去前台页面寻找(可能会隐藏在前台页面中)

#获取验证码图片地址
sess = requests.Session()
main_url = 'https://so.gushiwen.cn/user/login.aspx?from=http://so.gushiwen.cn/user/collect.aspx'
page_text = sess.get(url=main_url,headers=headers).text
tree = etree.HTML(page_text)
img_src = "https://so.gushiwen.cn"+tree.xpath('//*[@id="imgCode"]/@src')[0]
img_data = sess.get(img_src,headers=headers).content
with open('./code.jpg','wb') as fp:
    fp.write(img_data)
#识别验证码图片
code_text = getCode_text('./code.jpg',1004)
print(code_text)

#处理捕获动态变化的请求参数
__VIEWSTATE = tree.xpath('//*[@id="__VIEWSTATE"]/@value')[0]
__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR = tree.xpath('//*[@id="__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR"]/@value')[0]
#模拟登陆
login_url = 'https://so.gushiwen.cn/user/login.aspx?from=http%3a%2f%2fso.gushiwen.cn%2fuser%2fcollect.aspx'
data = {
    '__VIEWSTATE': __VIEWSTATE,
    '__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR': __VIEWSTATEGENERATOR,
    'from': 'http://so.gushiwen.cn/user/collect.aspx',
    'email': '15027900535',
    'pwd': 'bobo@15027900535',
    'code': code_text,
    'denglu': '登录',
}

# 将返回的页面保存在本地
login_page_text = sess.post(login_url,headers=headers,data=data).text
with open('./gushiwen.html','w',encoding='utf-8') as fp:
    fp.write(login_page_text)
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